← Intro
Model
Quantum
Analyzer φ
45°
Correlation E(φ)
CHSH |S|
Local realism
measuring…
CHSH parameter |S|
1.02.0 classical2.83
measuring…
no local theory can exceed 2
EPR · spooky action1935

Einstein's objection

Measure one particle, the other's state is fixed instantly. Einstein: there must be hidden variables — a local reality the theory just misses.

Bell · the inequality1964

A testable number

Bell turned the argument into one number: any local hidden-variable world obeys |S| ≤ 2. Quantum mechanics predicts 2√2. Now you can just measure it.

Aspect · Clauser · Zeilinger2022

Einstein lost

Experiments break the bound — loophole-free by 2015, Nobel in 2022. Nature is not both local and real. You have to give one up.

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