← Intro
Particle
Electron
Energy E / V₀
Barrier
Transmission T
Regime
tunnelling
Transmission probability T
10⁻⁴⁰10⁻²⁰1
reflects —
the wall is classically impassable
Gamow · alpha decay1928

Out of the nucleus

An alpha particle can't classically escape the nuclear well — yet it does, by tunnelling. A near-zero chance per try × 10²¹ tries a second sets the half-life.

Binnig & Rohrer · STM1981

Seeing single atoms

Tunnelling current across a vacuum gap changes ~10× per ångström. Scan a tip and you map a surface atom by atom. Nobel, 1986.

Stars · fusion

Why the Sun shines

Protons are far too cold to climb their electric repulsion. They tunnel it instead. No tunnelling, no fusion — and no sunlight.

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